IRELAND (AN EUROPEAN ISLAND)
Summary:
1) Introduction.
2) Maps and Flag.
3) Borders.
4) Main cities.
5) Relief.
6) Climate.
1) INTRODUCTION:
Ireland is a northern European country, member of the European Union, occupying the north-west and south of the island of Ireland, in the Atlantic Ocean. In Gaelic the country is called Eire and English Ireland.
Capital: Dublin.
Population (2015): 4.64 million inhabitants.
Gross Domestic Product - GDP (2015): $ 238.02 billion.
Currency : Euro.
2) MAP AND FLAG:
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| IRELAND FLAG |
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| IRELAND MAP |
3) BORDERS:
Ireland Situated to the west of Great Britain, from which it is separated by the Irish Sea and the Saint George Canal. Independent since 1921, after seven centuries of British rule against which the national identity was forged, the country includes the historic provinces of Leinster, Munster and Connacht as well as three of the nine counties of Ulster. The other six counties in this province are Northern Ireland, which is part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
The Ireland Republic is cut into 26 cities and 4 boroughs: The major cities are Dublin (Country Capital), limerick, Cork and Waterford.
Despite the economic and social changes of recent decades, the rate of urbanization remains much lower than that of other European countries. More than a million Irish people live and work in Dublin, the capital, which concentrates a good deal of industrial and commercial employment as well as most administrative and cultural activities. After Dublin, country's second largest city is Cork, the largest Irish port. The most dynamic cities are Limerick, a shopping center in the West, and Galway, a university town, and Waterford, the center of the agri-food industry, in the south-east.
Ireland covers 70,273 km² out of the 84,000 km2 of total area of the island. The relief bears the imprint of the Quaternary glaciations; it consists of an alternation of folds and depressions. In the center, the erosion has cleared, on the New Caledonian basement, a vast plain central limestone (Burren), furrowed long gravel and sand ripples (bone or eskers). The area is dotted with lakes and peat bogs, as well as moraine deposits forming elongated hills, the drumlins, which rise significantly to the northwest (Donegal Mountains, 750 m).
The plain is surrounded by coastal cliffs separated by valleys and small plains, opening access to the sea. The altitude is not high: the red sandstone formations of the mountains of Kerry, to the southwest, culminate at 1,041 m to Carrantuohill. To the east, the Wicklow granitic mountains rise to 926 m. The karstic relief of the Burren in County Clare extends to the west the crystalline massif of the Connemara Mountains (820 m) and to the northeast the basaltic plateau of Antrim.
The coasts are characterized by their asymmetry: low and sandy to the east, they turn into steep cliffs and are very cut to the west. The sea often penetrates far inland, in deep fjords such as Carlingfdord and Killary, as well as in rias (Dingle Bay) shaped by glacial erosion and changes in the level of the oceans. The Irish coasts offer many natural deepwater ports, such as Bantry Bay, in western Kerry, one of the deepest anchorages in Western Europe. Off the Atlantic coast are strings of islands (Aran Islands, Achill Island) once attached to the mainland.
Despite its relatively northern location - between 51 ° 5 'and 55 ° 5' north latitude - Ireland enjoys a relatively mild, typically oceanic climate, marked by the regulating influence of the warming Gulf Stream. Atlantic. Cloudiness and fog are predominant. The climatic uniformity prevails, the relief constituting nowhere an obstacle, and the annual thermal amplitude is weak: the average temperatures oscillate of 4 ° C to 7 ° C in January and 14 ° C to 16 ° C in July. The mildness contrasts with the humidity of the climate: Ireland receives an average of 1,016 mm of rain each year, spread over more than 200 days with a winter maximum. The west coast is more exposed to oceanic disturbances and strong westerly winds, carrying rain and spray: it receives on average 2,500 mm of water.
Official Website : https://www.gov.ie/en/
Illustration Credits : Muhammad Sharjeel
4) MAIN CITIES:
The Ireland Republic is cut into 26 cities and 4 boroughs: The major cities are Dublin (Country Capital), limerick, Cork and Waterford.
Despite the economic and social changes of recent decades, the rate of urbanization remains much lower than that of other European countries. More than a million Irish people live and work in Dublin, the capital, which concentrates a good deal of industrial and commercial employment as well as most administrative and cultural activities. After Dublin, country's second largest city is Cork, the largest Irish port. The most dynamic cities are Limerick, a shopping center in the West, and Galway, a university town, and Waterford, the center of the agri-food industry, in the south-east.
5) RELIEF:
Ireland covers 70,273 km² out of the 84,000 km2 of total area of the island. The relief bears the imprint of the Quaternary glaciations; it consists of an alternation of folds and depressions. In the center, the erosion has cleared, on the New Caledonian basement, a vast plain central limestone (Burren), furrowed long gravel and sand ripples (bone or eskers). The area is dotted with lakes and peat bogs, as well as moraine deposits forming elongated hills, the drumlins, which rise significantly to the northwest (Donegal Mountains, 750 m).
The plain is surrounded by coastal cliffs separated by valleys and small plains, opening access to the sea. The altitude is not high: the red sandstone formations of the mountains of Kerry, to the southwest, culminate at 1,041 m to Carrantuohill. To the east, the Wicklow granitic mountains rise to 926 m. The karstic relief of the Burren in County Clare extends to the west the crystalline massif of the Connemara Mountains (820 m) and to the northeast the basaltic plateau of Antrim.
The coasts are characterized by their asymmetry: low and sandy to the east, they turn into steep cliffs and are very cut to the west. The sea often penetrates far inland, in deep fjords such as Carlingfdord and Killary, as well as in rias (Dingle Bay) shaped by glacial erosion and changes in the level of the oceans. The Irish coasts offer many natural deepwater ports, such as Bantry Bay, in western Kerry, one of the deepest anchorages in Western Europe. Off the Atlantic coast are strings of islands (Aran Islands, Achill Island) once attached to the mainland.
6) CLIMATE:
Despite its relatively northern location - between 51 ° 5 'and 55 ° 5' north latitude - Ireland enjoys a relatively mild, typically oceanic climate, marked by the regulating influence of the warming Gulf Stream. Atlantic. Cloudiness and fog are predominant. The climatic uniformity prevails, the relief constituting nowhere an obstacle, and the annual thermal amplitude is weak: the average temperatures oscillate of 4 ° C to 7 ° C in January and 14 ° C to 16 ° C in July. The mildness contrasts with the humidity of the climate: Ireland receives an average of 1,016 mm of rain each year, spread over more than 200 days with a winter maximum. The west coast is more exposed to oceanic disturbances and strong westerly winds, carrying rain and spray: it receives on average 2,500 mm of water.
Official Website : https://www.gov.ie/en/
Illustration Credits : Muhammad Sharjeel
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8 Comments
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